Geo-information support of situational awareness in decision-making systems for security and crisis environments
Keywords:
geographic information systems, remote sensing, situational awareness, decision support systems, geospatial database, search and rescue operations, Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, SAR, DEMAbstract
The study is devoted to solving the relevant scientific and applied problem of forming geospatial databases within decision support systems to ensure situational awareness under conditions of increased uncertainty and risk. The paper considers a comprehensive approach to the development of such systems based on the integration of geoinformation technologies and remote sensing data, particularly from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite platforms, as well as modern methods of spatiotemporal data processing in ArcGIS and Google Earth Engine environments.
An information-technological model for the formation of consolidated information is proposed, based on the integration of cognitive, information, and physical domains within a geospatial infrastructure. An approach to structuring geospatial databases according to functional subsystems is substantiated, including experience generalization, baseline static and dynamic conditions, as well as modeling and forecasting of emergency situations. It is demonstrated that the use of satellite data, digital elevation models, and spectral indices improves the completeness and reliability of information support and ensures timely data updating in situational awareness systems.
The obtained results form a scientific and methodological basis for the development of intelligent decision support systems aimed at application in search and rescue operations, environmental monitoring, and safety assurance under natural, technogenic, and wartime impacts.
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