Substitution of methods for management of polymer components of waste electrical and electronic equipment

Abstract

The analytical review is aimed at an expanded study of modern concepts and practical solutions for the management of polymer components of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), which form rapidly growing technogenic flows and are characterized by increased material and technological complexity. Polymer fractions in WEEE are characterized by low suitability for reuse due to their multicomponent composition, the presence of toxic functional additives, heterogeneous morphology and difficulties in separation from metal, ceramic and composite elements, which exacerbates the problem of transfer of persistent organic pollutants, halogen-containing compounds and thermal degradation products into the environment. Within the framework of the research analysis, infrastructure schemes for the collection and primary treatment of WEEE, including municipal logistics hubs, stationary and mobile collection points, deposit-return mechanisms and extended producer responsibility instruments, were considered, with an assessment of their effectiveness and key limitations. Considerable attention is paid to high-tech solutions, including optical identification systems, robotic dismantling modules, digital trajectory platforms for tracking material flows, intelligent container complexes and sensor Smart Bins. The engineering practices of leading world companies that implement closed polymer cycles, use automated reverse logistics chains and ensure a high level of selective extraction of material fractions are analyzed. The experience of European WEEE pre-processing centers that operate in accordance with EU regulatory standards and demonstrate effective models of selective preparation of polymers for further use is highlighted. Based on the generalized results, a set of scientifically based recommendations has been formed to improve the efficiency of WEEE polymer component management, which involves the integration of innovative technologies, regulatory practices and circular economy principles to minimize environmental risks and improve the resource cycle.