Information systems for observation of marine aquatories and adjacent areas using aerospace technologies

Abstract

The work is devoted to solving the scientific and practical problem of developing information systems for monitoring marine waters and adjacent areas using remotely piloted aircraft. The purpose of the study is to improve the level of the information system for monitoring the state of marine waters and coastal zones by improving the technological process and on-board equipment of remotely piloted aircraft. Basic studies show that more than 60% of pollutants entering the Black Sea come from river runoff, covering the territory of almost 20 countries, including the most industrialized regions of Europe. The main source of anthropogenic impact on the northwestern waters of the Black Sea within Ukraine is the runoff of the main European rivers – the Dnieper, Danube, Dniester and Southern Bug, which transport more than 296 km³ of water annually. In addition, the quality of coastal waters depends on pollution resulting from military actions of Russian aggression, local sources of pollution, in particular the activities of large coastal cities, industrial enterprises, municipal wastewater, stormwater flows, as well as the activity of port infrastructure. Despite the stabilization of the level of oil pollution in the waters of Ukrainian ports at the maximum permissible values (0.05 mg/l), bottom sediments continue to accumulate harmful elements, which requires constant monitoring and improvement of control methods.
Information support for the management of environmental safety of the territorial waters of Ukraine in the Black Sea can be effectively provided through an integrated infrastructure of satellite geoinformation resources. The topographic basis of this system is vector maps of the Black Sea regions and the Black Sea water area at a scale of 1:200.
Within the framework of this GIS, methodological and software-algorithmic support has been created for the synthesis of thematic geomodels that reflect the man-made loads on the Azov-Black Sea basin, as well as the spatial distribution of indicators of the impact of marine water areas and their ecological state.
During the study, scientific and methodological approaches were developed that improve the procedure for environmental monitoring using UAV elements, ensuring the operational functioning of pollutants in a specific area.
The results of the study will contribute to increasing the efficiency of environmental monitoring of the Black Sea, ensuring prompt detection of pollution and developing measures to minimize it, which is important for preserving the ecosystem of the region.