Development of methods for quantifying the effectiveness of rain garden design in the context of rainwater management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2024.2.19-35Keywords:
rain garden, rainwater, stormwater management, modeling, rain garden parametersAbstract
Rain gardens are a common green infrastructure practice used in urban environments to address water quality and hydrological impacts of stormwater. This goal is achieved by designing structures that consist of an upper plant layer planted in a soil environment with or without a drainage system. Rain gardens provide three main functions in stormwater management: reducing the volume of rainwater runoff from the catchment area; reducing the rate of peak water flows in the sewer system, which is of particular importance for preventing hydrological overloading of the sewer network; and controlling water quality, which contributes to groundwater conservation. The design of rain gardens is based on the parameters and requirements associated with these functions. The structure is defined in detail and an appropriate design method is chosen to ensure optimal parameters such as size and depth. A scientometric analysis of studies, including various numerical models, shows that key original scientific contributions come from different countries, so most rain garden designs installed in different geographical areas are based on general recommendations, which often leads to operational failures. This work aims to model the calculation of the main parameters of rain garden design and methods for quantifying hydrological efficiency for stormwater management and support widespread implementation in the urban environment. A numerical model has been developed that allows calculating the effective area of a rain garden structure for a single rain event under the condition that the structure is not overfilled and does not leak. Methods for assessing the three main functions of rain gardens in the field of stormwater management are proposed: a method for assessing the reduction of stormwater runoff; a method for assessing the reduction of annual runoff; a method for assessing the reduction of peak runoff; and a method for assessing the reduction of the total amount of pollutants by the rain garden structure.
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