Environmental safety and natural resources

Possible models of regional environmental and economic assessment of engineering and geological hazards impact on the stability of buildings and structures

Oleksiy Rogozhin — 2025-06-20

The article presents the results of justification of analytical tools for calculating the regional ecological and economic assessment of engineering and geological hazards impact on the stability of buildings and structures. Methodological approaches to performing an economic assessment of the negative impact of an engineering and geological factor on the stability of buildings based on determining the amount of caused or potential damage are considered. It is established that such an assessment is advisable to carry out within the framework of "cost" approach to the real estate objects assessment (based on the book or replacement value of the building), supplemented by "scenario" and "geoecological" approaches to identifying existing engineering and geological threats. The definition of geoecological scenarios reflecting the options for negative impact of seismicity and dangerous exogenous geological processes (hazards) and their territorial combinations allows, in the first approximation, to circumvent the unresolved issues of probability of these threats realization and predicting the degree of damage or destruction of structures as a result. The regional geoecological scenarios we have developed and the assessment models created on this basis reflect almost all mutually exclusive options for the territorial combination of engineering and geological hazards in Ukraine. However, due to the lack of data on the actual damage at the regional level, it was necessary to limit ourselves to a simplified indirect assessment of the hypothetical possibility of damage to structures based on available cartographic materials. It was emphasized that only the accumulation of databases on engineering characteristics, engineering and geological conditions, damage by causes, balance sheet and market value, etc. for all existing structures and buildings can radically improve the state of affairs with the assessment at the regional level.

Management of innovative projects and products in the conditions of digitalization and turbulent environment

Natalia Bushueva — 2025-06-20

Managing innovative projects and products in a turbulent environment characterized by the BANI (Brittle, Anxious, Nonlinear, Incomprehensible) framework is extremely relevant for Ukraine. Full-scale war, economic instability, infrastructure disruptions with a probability of power outages of 0.6–0.7 and the migration of 6 million displaced persons create a complex environment where traditional project management models lose their effectiveness due to their inflexibility. At the same time, innovation is the key to Ukraine’s recovery, competitiveness and integration into the global innovation space. A value-based approach that takes into account social, economic, environmental, technological and ethical aspects becomes necessary for proactive risk management and maximizing opportunities in such conditions. The relevance of the research is enhanced by the need for adaptive tools that allow turning uncertainty into competitive advantage, especially in the context of the rapid development of technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and Building Information Modelling (BIM). The product of the research is a model of risk and opportunity management of innovative projects and products in a turbulent environment, based on a value system and a value approach. The model integrates AI for risk and demand forecasting, BIM for modelling, and IoT for real-time monitoring. Multi-criteria analysis of values in the areas of social, economic, environmental, technological, and ethical, with weighting factors for determining priorities. Scenario planning and Agile approaches for adapting to uncertainty. The research process included studying the turbulent environment of Ukraine (war, economic crisis) and its impact on innovative projects, defining a value approach as a basis for management, with an emphasis on social, economic and environmental values. Integration of AI based on forecasting, BIM for modelling and scenario planning into a single system focused on maximising value. It has been proven that the value approach, combined with AI and BIM, increases the adaptability of projects in the BANI environment, thereby reducing risks and opening up new opportunities. The study confirms that the risk and opportunity management model based on the value approach is an effective tool for innovative projects in a turbulent environment. It allows not only to minimize the negative impact of uncertainty but also to create additional value, contributing to economic, environmental and social development. Examples from Kyiv demonstrate how the synergy of technology, ecology and social needs transforms challenges into opportunities.

Decoderation of satellite images of water protection zones using artificial intelligence system

Oleg Mashkov — 2025-06-20

The work is devoted to the application of an artificial intelligence system to assess violations of the norms of environmental water protection strips along the Dnieper and several middle rivers in the Dnipropetrovsk region. The use of artificial intelligence allows you to form vector layers of agricultural fields located in the zone of water protection strips, as well as the field of the building line along the banks of rivers, elements of which violate the norms of the distance to water bodies.
Diagnostics and forecasting of situations using aerospace technologies involves the use of a set of models of ecosystem objects in the intelligent system of environmental protection and territories with varying degrees of environmental threats to objects. This approach allows you to perform spatially distributed assessment of environmental risk and diagnostics of the ecological situation in ecosystems.
The methodology for applying aerospace technologies to solve environmental problems using an artificial intelligence system allows for the integration of environmental monitoring data from various observation sources: stationary observation points, ground-based mobile complexes, remotely piloted aircraft, and space-based remote sensing systems.
The use of aerospace technologies in environmental safety management using artificial intelligence systems involves the following stages: identification of risk factors, risk assessment, risk management in the ecosystem. Formalization of tasks in the field of environmental monitoring using artificial intelligent systems with the use of aerospace technologies takes into account: geology and subsoil resources (including groundwater), hydrology and surface water resources, forest resources and plant cover, impacts on the environment, wildlife, atmospheric air, precipitation and snow cover, communication facilities, agriculture, use and development of territories.

Methodology for forecasting the number of disabled people from sanitary losses

Oleksandr Trofymchuk — 2025-06-20

The article considers the problems of building mathematical models for predicting the contingent of pension recipients under conditions of uncertainty caused by the impact of hostilities. Based on the study of statistical information on the structure and dynamics of sanitary losses, an approach to revealing systemic uncertainty in the problem of predicting the contingent of pension recipients is proposed. This work is part of the study of the application of methods of intelligent data analysis and mathematical modeling in information technology intended for use in the pension system.
The problem of predicting human losses as a result of hostilities is an urgent problem even in the conditions of the use of high-tech weapons. Sanitary and irretrievable losses are not only the effectiveness of the combat use of the unit, but also the costs of treatment, rehabilitation, pension provision, insurance payments. A high-intensity war with the use of the most modern weapons and military equipment has no analogues in retrospect. Therefore, approaches to predicting combat medical and non-recoverable losses, which are based solely on the calculation of average values or on analogies, cannot provide high-quality results. The study is devoted to the development of a methodology for predictive modeling of medical losses, the basis of which is probabilistic-statistical models in the form of Bayesian networks, the method of time series similarity and cluster analysis. If necessary, the proposed methodology can be used to perform calculations under different scenarios.
During the study, a number of numerical experiments were conducted, in which the correctness of the application of the proposed methodology was investigated. Acceptable forecasting results were obtained.
The proposals presented in the work will allow to increase the sustainability of the pension system of Ukraine, including by more accurately determining the dynamics of the contingent of pension recipients, and, accordingly, the costs of paying pensions.

Digitalization of personnel management processes for the post-war recovery of Ukraine

Vladyslav Vasylenko — 2025-06-20

The effective recovery of Ukraine must be based on harmoniously combined modern technologies, human resources and strategic planning, which will allow not only to restore the destroyed infrastructure, but also to lay the foundation for the sustainable development of the country in the future.
Тhe work is devoted to solving the scientific and practical problem of personnel management, which takes into account modern processes of digitalization and the capabilities of network technologies in the selection, assessment and training of personnel for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. The issues of developing models and tools for personnel management taking into account modern processes of digitalization and the capabilities of network technologies in the selection, assessment and training of personnel are considered. The main goal of the research is to create an automated decision support system for optimizing the processes of personnel selection and training. For this purpose, a generalization and systematization of existing models, methods and approaches in the field of personnel management was carried out, which allows forming a scientific and methodological basis for increasing the efficiency of personnel management. The proposed conceptual model ensures a high-quality level of candidate training, their adaptation and the efficiency of performing the assigned tasks. A generalized scheme for implementing a personnel selection system implemented in a web environment has been developed. In the above scheme, identification is understood as monitoring the user's compliance with the entered data and visual image.
During identification, data on user behavior (answers, previous training) that were obtained earlier are pulled up. A correspondence scheme is built that allows the system to compare information obtained earlier with information that will be obtained when using the system.

Automation of standardized cyber insurance processes

Mykola Khudyntsev — 2025-06-20

The study aims to develop a cyber insurance model that includes the main requirements of international regulatory documents and provides for the automation of individual processes of cyber insurance.
The objectives of the study are to analyze existing standards, business processes of insurance of operational risks in cyberspace, means of automating insurance processes, forming a profile of cyber risks in the national cybersecurity system, critical information infrastructure, studying cyber insurance algorithms for their further automation, and substantiating the use of individual automation tools in practical activities.
The work contains a review of existing standards and processes of insurance of operational risks in cyberspace (cyber insurance) and an analysis of cyber insurance processes using information technologies. The state of the regulatory framework of cyber insurance in Ukraine is briefly analyzed. The cyber insurance processes provided for by the International Standard ISO / IEC 27102 Information Security Management – Guidelines for Cyber Insurance are studied in detail. Separate means of automating cyber insurance processes are also considered, and approaches to optimizing their use within the framework of a risk-based approach to the profile of risks in cyberspace (cyber risks) are proposed.
Analysis of cyber insurance and other preventive methods of reducing risks and the negative impact of threats in cyberspace indicates an unsatisfactory state of using such instruments in critical information infrastructure.
The work substantiates and proposes a systemized set of cyber insurance processes for effective automation of these processes and further practical application in the design tasks of relevant automated (information and communication) systems.
The results obtained can be used in cyber insurance scenarios and algorithms.

Mathematical model for aerial image decoding and automated analysis of urban infrastructure

Vasyl Marushchak — 2025-06-20

This study addresses a scientific and practical challenge focused on improving the monitoring of urbanized areas by utilizing remotely piloted aerial systems (RPAS) to enhance the efficiency of detecting urban infrastructure objects (UIOs). The key factors influencing the accuracy and timeliness of UIO identification based on aerial imagery have been analyzed. The study formulates the main requirements for the image interpretation process, emphasizing the need to ensure high levels of detection speed and reliability.
Particular attention is paid to the prospects of automating the recognition of UIOs using computer vision technologies and deep learning methods based on artificial neural networks. Within the framework of the research, a conceptual mathematical model for automated image interpretation is proposed, which provides for the detection of urban infrastructure objects through computer vision algorithms implemented via artificial intelligence technologies.
Integration of the developed model into the image processing system makes it possible to significantly improve the operational efficiency of UIO recognition while maintaining an acceptable level of interpretation accuracy. The application of such solutions is particularly relevant for real-time monitoring of changes in urban development, the condition of transportation infrastructure, engineering networks, and technogenic facilities. The use of machine learning algorithms not only facilitates object detection but also enables their functional classification with a high degree of accuracy.
Implementation of the proposed approach creates prerequisites for the automated processing of large volumes of visual data, ensuring timely responses to changes in the urban environment.
Prospects for further work include: accumulation and structuring of a specialized database of aerial photographs with marked objects of urban infrastructure, creation of a comprehensive method for automating the decoding of aerial photographs with its subsequent software implementation, implementation of comprehensive experimental studies aimed at verifying the effectiveness of the proposed mathematical model according to the criteria of efficiency and reliability.

Information technologies for decision support systems in regional development management

Tetyana Prosyankina-Zharova — 2025-06-20

The paper is devoted to the current scientific and applied problem – development of information technologies to support decision-making in regional development management. The proposed information technologies are intended for use in state and public administration systems. They can be used separately, but to increase the efficiency of their use, it is proposed to combine them in a single information system for regional development management. The proposed information technologies combine methods of extracting, storing, collecting and processing structured and unstructured data, mathematical modeling, methods of intelligent data analysis, scenario analysis, cognitive modeling, artificial intelligence, geoinformation technologies, information protection tools, etc.
The implementation of such a system will improve the quality of governance at the level of regions and communities, will allow optimizing analytical processes on the ground, reduce costs for the digitalization of regions, will contribute to the establishment of feedback between regions and the state and between society and the state.
To build and deploy the system, it is proposed to use the Oracle hardware and software platform, which will allow implementing the network-centric concept of the system, solving problems of interoperability and processing large data sets.
To implement the analytical component of the system, in addition to Oracle BI, SAS Institute software was used. Thanks to this, a powerful adaptive data processing subsystem was created, a wide range of models can be built. SAS Institute software integrates well with various development environments, including those available in the public domain, which allows you to expand the system by developing your own modules, in particular, using the Python programming language.
It is envisaged that the system will be scalable. Taking into account the specifics of the system's purpose, a comprehensive information protection system with confirmed compliance is envisaged.
In the future, the system can be expanded by adding new mathematical models and their ensembles, geospatial information processing tools, and artificial intelligence.

Assessment of changes in the technical condition of damaged multi-story buildings by using artificial intelligence

Yaroslav Berchun — 2025-06-20

The article presents the results of the analysis and prospects for applying information technologies to select effective organizational, technological, and technical solutions for eliminating the emergency destruction of multi-story buildings damaged as a result of Russian aggression. Information and mathematical modeling is considered a key tool for assessment and decision-making, especially under conditions of limited access to the research object and a lack of information about its technical condition. The subject of this research is a previously unstudied issue: the development of a method for the urgent stability assessment of damaged multi-story buildings (DMBs) amid large-scale surveys, which will reduce the time for inspection, modeling, and decision-making regarding the reinforcement and reconstruction of a DMB or its dismantling. An important aspect of this method is forecasting the technical condition of DMBs using modern digital elements of artificial intelligence–neural networks. Optimizing the decision-making process under uncertainty is possible with the prior development of standard organizational and technological anti-emergency measures and methods for their application to typical DMB objects. Linking existing, pre-developed solutions using information and mathematical models of typical objects to a specific emergency DMB based on the pattern recognition principle allows for accelerating the selection of an option and ensuring the conduct of emergency rescue operations. In turn, this will help rescue potential victims, prevent accidents, and become part of the emergency response plan. In the post-war period, the use of the presented methodology will allow for the rapid assessment and forecasting of the technical condition of DMBs and the selection of an optimal strategy for their stabilization and reconstruction, including the frequency of monitoring needs and repair timelines. The application of neural networks, particularly hybrid models (CNNs, LSTMs, autoencoders), opens fundamentally new opportunities for shifting from a reactive to a proactive approach in assessing the technical condition of protective engineering structures (PES). The implementation of such technologies will enable automation of damage analysis, forecasting of damage progression, and the generation of well-grounded recommendations for repair, reinforcement, or demolition of structures. This significantly enhances the efficiency of decision-making and reduces risks for rescuers and engineers.

Improvement of explosion hazard monitoring systems for technogenic facilities

Vasyl Holinko — 2025-06-20

The purpose of this work is to find solutions aimed at improving the explosion hazard monitoring systems of man-made facilities in the presence of a multicomponent fuel-air mixture by means of an integrated explosion hazard assessment and improving the accuracy of control equipment.
Materials and methods. Analytical methods for studying the process of oxidation of combustible gases and vapors on catalysts based on the classical provisions of electrical engineering, thermodynamics and catalysis, experimental studies of serial single-chamber thermocatalytic sensors of pellet type with a platinum-palladium catalyst when they operate in a multicomponent fuel-air mixture, evaluation and generalization of the results of theoretical and experimental studies were used in this work.
Results. The peculiarities of the oxidation process of combustible gases and vapors in thermocatalytic sensors with a non-selective platinum-palladium catalyst under changing the temperature regime of the working thermocouple were established. It has been shown that thermocatalytic sensors with a non-selective platinum-palladium catalyst under a certain temperature regime of operation allow for an unambiguous assessment of the explosiveness of such components as methane, butane, and heptane, which allows for an integrated assessment of the explosiveness of a multicomponent fuel-air mixture. For the studied sensors, this is ensured by selecting a preheating temperature of 350 °C for the working thermocouple in the air.
Scientific novelty. The conditions under which thermocatalytic sensors with a non-selective platinum-palladium catalyst allow for an integrated unambiguous assessment of the explosive hazard of the environment, including in the presence of a multicomponent fuel-air mixture, have been established.
Practical significance. It consists in establishing the conditions under which it is possible to unambiguously assess the explosive properties of fuel-air mixtures, including multicomponent ones, using a single thermocatalytic sensor, which reduces the cost of explosion monitoring systems and increases the reliability of explosion control under conditions where various explosive gases and vapors of volatile combustibles can simultaneously accumulate in the air.

Sick building syndrome: uncertainty of causes and challenges of classification

Yurii Tsiuriupa — 2025-06-20

The article addresses the problem of developing a universal classification of negative factors associated with Sick Building Syndrome (SBS), taking into account current technological, climatic, and epidemiological challenges. A critical analysis of existing approaches is provided, including classifications proposed by the WHO, CPSC, and various researchers who identify physical, chemical, biological, psychophysiological, and other groups of pollutants. It is shown that none of the existing systems fully cover the entire spectrum of external and internal factors – particularly neglecting climate influences, epidemiological threats, socio-psychological conditions, and new “video-ecological” parameters related to visual homogeneity and aggressiveness of the built environment.
Based on an interdisciplinary approach, an extended classification is proposed, dividing SBS factors into two broad groups: external (climatic, ecological, radiological, video-ecological) and internal (microclimate parameters, physical, technical, radiological, psychological, and biochemical factors). Special attention is given to video ecology – a field that examines the impact of homogeneous and aggressive visual environments on the oculomotor system and the psycho-emotional state of individuals.
The role of natural biotechnical filters – indoor plants – is also considered. These plants regulate humidity, absorb VOCs and CO₂, emit phytoncides, suppress pathogens, reduce noise, and enhance psycho-emotional well-being. Recommendations are provided for integrating plants into biophilic design as a cost-effective means of improving indoor environmental quality and preventing SBS.
The proposed classification aims to improve risk assessment, the development of preventive measures, and building operation standards to safeguard the health of residents and workers in the context of urbanization, energy efficiency, and global climate change.

Assessing the economic and environmental benefits of blue-green infrastructure to increase urban resilience to climate change

Maryna Kravchenko — 2025-06-20

Climate change and intensive urbanisation pose large-scale challenges to engineering infrastructure and the livelihoods of the population in cities, in particular in the form of floods, soil degradation, droughts and increased pollution. The study focuses on the use of blue-green infrastructure (BGI) elements to improve climate resilience and ensure multifunctional development of urban areas. The article analyses the international experience of implementing the sponge city concept with a focus on the role of green structures. Particular attention is paid to assessing the costs and benefits of implementing BGI projects, in particular, the relationship between investment costs and positive effects, such as energy savings, carbon sequestration, improved air quality, and reduced urban heat island intensity. A comprehensive method for assessing the economic and environmental performance of BGI's facilities has been developed, including quantifying energy savings, determining the amount of CO₂ sequestration, oxygen production by green structures, and economic evaluation of the benefits of oxygen release. The method also includes an analysis of environmental benefits throughout the life cycle of BGI's facilities, calculation of life cycle costs and estimation of construction costs for individual infrastructure elements. For the applied assessment of economic and environmental benefits, a calculation based on green pavement was made, taking into account its impact on climate change mitigation. Design solutions aimed at reducing the heat load in the urban environment are proposed, in particular, the potential of facade and roof structures to improve cooling and moisture retention efficiency is revealed. The possibilities of using BGI elements for cooling the urban microclimate are determined. The study was carried out as part of the international Erasmus+ and ClimEd projects aimed at developing climate-oriented education and sustainable urban planning.

Optimization of the collection system for waste batteries

Xiaodong Sun — 2025-06-20

Currently, developing countries like China or Ukraine lack effective waste batteries collection. The purpose of this study is to analyse the waste battery collection systems in developed countries and suggest the improvements for the waste battery collection systems in developing countries. Relevant literature on waste batteries management through academic databases, government reports, and industry research channels was analysed. Several developed countries were selected as case studies for in-depth comparative analysis, focusing on the current situation of waste battery collection, including management policies, market size, technological level, etc.
The differences in waste battery collection models between developing and developed countries have been compared. By analysing successful cases, some best practices were summarized and used for improving the collection of waste batteries in developing countries.
The advices for waste batteries collection system in China have been suggested (including collection points, logistics, etc.) in order to provide reference for the standardization and revision of waste batteries collection in China. The recommendations on separate collection of different types of waste batteries were also developed. This has great practical significance since can help developing countries to achieve waste management goals.
The scientific novelty of this study is that waste batteries collection system has been optimised based on the suggestions for developing countries, while providing efficient waste management. Through a sound pricing strategy and a reasonable logistics system, the collection system for waste batteries has been standardized, facilitating macro level management at the national level, avoiding environmental pollution, and increasing user enthusiasm.
As a next step, the development of relevant recommendations for local authorities and business can be suggested.

Estimation of debris waste generation

Ihor Satin — 2025-06-20

As of the beginning of 2022, Ukraine had approximately 8 million residential buildings with a total residential area of 892.1 million square meters. The number of apartments in residential buildings and non-residential structures in Ukraine totaled 15.5 million units. Due to hostilities and regular shelling, the number of damaged and destroyed residential buildings is increasing daily. As of January 2024, over 250,000 buildings have been damaged or destroyed, including 222,000 private homes, over 27,000 multi-apartment buildings, and 526 dormitories. The direct damage from the destruction of these objects is estimated at 58.9 billion USD. The regions with the most destroyed residential buildings include Donetsk, Kyiv, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Chernihiv, and Kherson. The generation of a large amount of debris waste requires planning for the demolition of destroyed buildings, dismantling of rubble, transportation to temporary waste storage sites, and the planning and selection of equipment for processing debris waste. Currently, Ukraine lacks an official methodology for estimating the volume of debris waste. To provide scientifically grounded methodological recommendations for estimating the amount of debris waste, the experience of various countries that have experienced technological disasters or natural disasters was studied, including Japan, Canada, and countries in the Middle East. The experience of managing debris waste in the communities of Chernihiv, Kyiv, and Mykolaiv regions was also examined. As a result of reviewing international experience, it was determined that the most appropriate approach is to use specific waste generation indicators per unit area – the waste generation rate. It is accepted that the area used to determine the volume of debris waste should be within the boundaries of the destruction or demolition (section, floor, or part of the building). A calculation of the waste generation rate was conducted based on the consumption of primary materials for typical series of multi-apartment residential buildings, monolithic-frame multi-apartment residential buildings, and residential buildings in cottage developments, including buildings of preschool and general secondary education institutions and hospitals.
The resulting waste generation rates can be used to estimate the calculated amount of waste generated due to the damage or destruction of residential buildings, buildings of general secondary and preschool education institutions, and healthcare facilities as a result of hostilities, terrorist acts, sabotage, or work to eliminate their consequences. The waste generation rates do not apply to engineering structures, transportation infrastructure, or non-residential buildings.

Innovative approaches to automation of ship's ballast water treatment and disinfection processes

Vitalii Zalozh — 2025-06-20

This research introduces innovative technology for ship's ballast water treatment and disinfection that meets the International Maritime Organization's D-2 water quality standard requirements. The innovative approach to ballast water processing has been developed and validated by the research team at the Danube Institute of the National University "Odesa Maritime Academy" as part of the state-funded research project No. 0124U004399, supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Environmental monitoring of the Black Sea, conducted by the international scientific community in 2019, revealed a critical deterioration in the state of the marine ecosystem. Over the five-year observation period, a threefold increase in the level of pollution of the marine environment was recorded. The study emphasizes the critical role of ballast water in modern maritime navigation, particularly its significance for vessel stability and operational safety. However, the presence of numerous marine organisms in ballast water poses significant multidimensional challenges, ranging from threats to ecological balance to economic losses and sanitary-epidemiological risks. The transfer of ballast water between different geographical locations facilitates the invasion of non-indigenous microorganisms into new ecosystems, potentially leading to the destruction of local biota and causing substantial economic losses in coastal regions. The developed experimental facility implements a comprehensive approach to ballast water treatment through the sequential application of chemical, ionization, and mechanical processing methods. A key objective is the creation of an automated control system for the experimental ballast water treatment equipment, designed to ensure precise monitoring of technological parameters and optimize laboratory testing efficiency.
The developed multifunctional ballast water management system is designed for large-tonnage vessels and fully complies with D-2 standard requirements. Experimental studies have confirmed the high efficiency of the proposed technology in eliminating pathogenic microorganisms and purifying ballast water, as documented by laboratory test results. Currently, the system is undergoing type approval and certification procedures in accordance with international standards.