Environmental safety and natural resources

Technologies for creating intelligent radar location and technical intelligence systems in the conditions of radio electronic countermeasures

2026-04-20T15:06:31+03:00

The work is devoted to solving the urgent scientific and applied problem of creating intelligent radar and technical intelligence systems capable of operating effectively in conditions of active electronic countermeasures, high signal density, multi-beam propagation and targeted interference. The article considers a comprehensive approach to building such systems based on the integration of software-defined radio technologies (SDR), cognitive spectrum management methods, adaptive signal processing and deep machine learning algorithms.
A multi-level architecture of an intelligent system is proposed, which includes a sensor level of signal collection and pre-processing, an analytical level of spectral-temporal analysis and classification, and a cognitive level of decision-making and adaptation of work parameters. The application of neural network models for automated detection of radiation types, reinforcement learning algorithms for dynamic frequency resource management and multi-position methods for localization of radio radiation sources using data fusion procedures is justified.
It is shown that the integration of these technologies provides a significant increase in the resistance of systems to broadband and pulsed interference, a decrease in the reaction time to changes in the electronic environment, an increase in the accuracy of signal classification and an increase in the reliability of determining the coordinates of radiation sources. The results obtained form a scientific and methodological basis for the creation of new generation technical intelligence systems, oriented towards application in conditions of modern military and hybrid threats.

Development of geographic information systems as a technological innovation strategy

2026-04-20T15:16:38+03:00

The purpose of the study is to identify information technology and methodological ways to solve current problems of ensuring an increase in development level of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Ukraine. A review of publications of the world scientific community was conducted based on a search in international and domestic scientometric databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, and the resources of the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine. A survey of the main stages of GIS development during the independence of Ukraine was carried out. These reviews address the following research questions: a) what time trends do research statistics demonstrate; b) what areas of GIS development and use are covered in the research; c) what governance strategies are reflected in the publications to overcome technological challenges in GIS development. The main results show that foreign researchers pay attention to the GIS development in various thematic categories, in particular, such as computer science and information technology. At the same time, domestic researchers pay more attention to providing general issue of GIS implementation, industry issue, and studying foreign experience. This indicates the existing gap between the practical achievements of GIS implementation in the country and the contribution of domestic scientists and specialists to the technological aspects of this area. In particular, this concerns the formation of information systems for processing spatial data, the analytical component and decision-making support tools. Nevertheless, the results of the review demonstrate that geographic information systems are becoming a key element of the national information infrastructure, which ensures effective management of territories, natural resources, defense and security. The conducted systematic review may be useful for responsible persons, as well as directly for scientists and specialists from various fields involved in the processes of formation and modernization of information technologies, systems and resources, in particular aimed at processing geospatial data.

Analysis of text analytics methods for knowledge extraction from Ukrainian-language social media

2026-04-20T15:43:56+03:00

The purpose of the study is to review and systematize current text analytics and natural language processing methods for knowledge extraction from unstructured social media content, with a focus on Ukrainian-language sources.
A comparative analysis of topic modelling methods (LSA, NMF, LDA, HDP, Top2Vec, BERTopic), ontology construction approaches, OSINT data collection tools, and the F1 evaluation metric for named entity recognition tasks was conducted.
Comparative analysis of four topic modelling methods applied to real Twitter datasets demonstrated that BERTopic (coherence score 0.62) outperforms LDA (0.45) and Top2Vec (0.56) for short texts; the NER-UK 2.0 corpus provides a baseline solution for Ukrainian named entity recognition with an F1 score of 0.89.
Theoretically, the selection of methods that take into account the temporal dynamics of topics is justified. Practically, five-block pipeline architecture for knowledge extraction from Ukrainian-language social media is proposed.
The originality of the work lies in the adaptation of the Methontology-based approach to ontology generation for short unstructured Ukrainian-language texts.
Further prospects include practical implementation and validation of the proposed pipeline on real Ukrainian social media datasets.

Remote research methods for assessing the impact of russia's armed aggression on the ecological security of natural reserved areas

2026-04-20T15:56:59+03:00

The article is devoted to solving a pressing scientific and practical problem, which consists in developing and implementing information technology for remote and geoinformation monitoring of nature reserves in Ukraine in conditions of military operations. The research is aimed at increasing the reliability of assessing environmental losses, detecting mechanical damage to landscapes, temperature anomalies, fire centers, hydrological disturbances and structural changes in the earth's surface. The work uses optical and radar satellite data, index analysis, multi-temporal composites, digital terrain models and machine learning algorithms. The proposed conceptual model of an integrated system allows for spatio-temporal analysis, generating analytical maps and supporting decision-making on the preservation and post-war restoration of natural ecosystems. The results obtained confirm the significant scale of degradation of protected areas and the need for systematic satellite monitoring as a tool for the evidence base of environmental losses. The work uses a set of satellite data of different spatial and spectral resolutions. Optical images of Sentinel-2, Landsat-8/9, PlanetScope and WorldView allowed to perform an analysis of vegetation cover, to detect traces of mechanical damage and burns. Radar data of Sentinel-1 and ICEYE provided monitoring regardless of weather conditions.
The mathematical apparatus of the study involves the use of classification algorithms of machine learning for automated selection of damaged areas. Spatio-temporal dynamics were analyzed by comparing multi-temporal composites.

Assessment of the dynamic parameters of column-type building structures under seismoacoustic monitoring

2026-04-20T16:04:41+03:00

The paper considers an approach to assessing the dynamic parameters of column-type building structures under passive seismoacoustic monitoring. To describe the response of the object, a mathematical model in the form of a superposition of damped oscillators is proposed, and its parameters are determined by minimizing the agreement criterion between the model and the experimental data. Spectral analysis, the Levenberg–Marquardt method, and Monte Carlo trials are used to obtain the optimal solution. It is shown that the free parameters of the model, in particular the damping characteristics, are informative for identifying the technical state of the object and can be used for long-term monitoring. The results indicate that, at the time of observation, the object was in a stable stationary state.

Information technology for monitoring environmental threats using aerospace data and artificial intelligence

2026-04-20T16:36:19+03:00

The article is devoted to solving an urgent scientific and applied problem related to the development of information technology for monitoring environmental threats based on the integration of aerospace data and artificial intelligence methods. Modern environmental monitoring systems require the use of advanced information technologies capable of processing large volumes of heterogeneous spatial data and providing reliable information about the state of natural and anthropogenic systems.
The proposed approach is based on the integrated use of satellite remote sensing data, unmanned aerial vehicle observations, geoinformation technologies, and machine learning algorithms. The developed information technology includes methods for collecting, processing, and analyzing aerospace data, as well as algorithms for automated identification of environmental threats.
Special attention is paid to the use of artificial intelligence methods for automated interpretation of satellite images and the detection of environmental changes in marine and coastal ecosystems. Neural network models are used to perform classification and segmentation of remote sensing data, which significantly increases the accuracy of identifying environmental hazards. The main functional subsystems of the technology have been identified, which provide a consistent information processing cycle – from the collection of aerospace data to the formation of analytical materials for assessing the state of the natural environment.
The proposed technology also provides the creation of geoinformation models for assessing environmental risks and forecasting the development of hazardous processes. The developed algorithms make it possible to automate the processes of environmental monitoring and support decision-making in environmental management systems.
The results of the research can be used in environmental monitoring systems, decision support systems for environmental safety, and in the development of intelligent geoinformation systems. Further research should be directed towards improving artificial intelligence algorithms for processing aerospace data and expanding the capabilities of environmental monitoring information systems.

Perspectives on the development of 5G wireless technologies in Ukraine

2026-04-20T16:50:41+03:00

This paper investigates the prospects for the development of 5G wireless technologies in Ukraine within the context of post-war reconstruction and the digital transformation of the economy. The article analyzes the prerequisites for deploying next-generation networks, namely: the rapid development of related technologies, the exponential growth in the number of users and connected devices, and the significant increase in data traffic. The main application areas of 5G technologies are considered.
The paper systematizes the recommendations developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) aimed at fulfilling the requirements for primary 5G use cases, highlighting key scenarios for utilizing 5G in the development of software applications and services. The current state of the telecommunications market as of 2026 is reviewed, including the results of the initial pilot launches in the country's largest cities and key development vectors.
The study substantiates the role of 5G wireless technologies as a foundational infrastructure for implementing innovative services that require ultra-reliable low-latency communication and a high density of connections.

Architecture of geo-information resource for forming an information-analytical environment analytics

2026-04-20T16:58:25+03:00

The work is devoted to solving a scientific and practical problem, which consists in developing the architecture of a geoinformation resource for the formation of an information-analytical environment for an analyst. The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of information-analytical work by using approaches to building a geoinformation resource, forming an information space based on the results of geospatial intelligence. Basic research indicates a steady trend towards an increase in the volume of data and the frequency of their receipt from different sources, which requires the use of new methods of their collection and processing. The processing of each type of information is constantly being improved and organized using automation tools. However, the analyst's ability to simultaneously process the entire data set and conduct its analysis remains limited. The modern requirements for the efficiency of information processing and the reduction of terms for its provision, this issue is very relevant, therefore, the search for new approaches in this direction is an important development process. More than 80% of information has a spatial reference, it is advisable to use a geoinformation approach for the complex processing and analysis of the obtained intelligence information. Analysis of existing solutions shows that the requirements are met to some extent. However, the existing functionality needs to be improved, and some creation, due to its absence.
The use of semi-automated (automated) methods for processing textual documents improves the efficiency of an analyst’s work, as it eliminates the need to read through all incoming materials and allows them to focus solely on performing specific tasks. The implemented algorithms for semi-automated (automated) processing of textual materials enable their handling directly at the point of information extraction, which significantly reduces the time required for search and processing.
The results of the study will help increase the efficiency of the analyst's work, namely, reduce the time spent on data preparation, and provide the opportunity to focus on their processing and obtaining a more accurate result (conclusion, forecast).

Method of parametric adaptation of parallel and sequential turbo codes using neural networks

2026-04-20T17:51:27+03:00

The work is devoted to the study of increasing the efficiency of functioning of modern wireless technologies 5G and 6G. The article presents a method of parametric adaptation of parallel and sequential turbo codes using neural networks of the multilevel perceptron type and the decoding uncertainty indicator.
The use of neural networks of the multilevel perceptron type for adjusting the external logarithmic ratios of the likelihood functions of probabilistic algorithms for decoding parallel and sequential turbo codes is considered.
Turbo codes are decoded using the maximum a posteriori probabilities (MAP) decoding algorithm, which calculates the posterior probability of each decoded symbol, minimizing the probability of an information symbol (bit) error.
The aim of the work is to develop a method for parametric adaptation of parallel and sequential turbo codes using neural networks of the multilevel perceptron type and a decoding uncertainty indicator.
The use of the decoding uncertainty indicator for parallel and sequential turbo codes at the training stage when determining the weight coefficients of the weight matrix and when functioning of neural networks is proposed.

Combining object-oriented programming and simulation in education

2026-04-20T18:10:11+03:00

The article discusses the integration of simulation modeling and object-oriented programming (OOP) in IT education. The authors argue that closed-source commercial tools (Simulink, GPSS, Simio) limit the educational process by hiding the internal system architecture. As a solution, the "Simulation" open-source Java framework, developed at Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, is presented.
The framework is based on discrete-event simulation and the "active object" concept. The core element is the Actor abstract class, which defines object behavior through the rule() method. Model time management and process synchronization are handled by the Dispatcher class, which utilizes a queue-based system to process events and validate logical conditions via lambda functions.
The educational curriculum is divided into stages: studying random number generators (Uniform, Norm, Erlang), statistical data processing, and building queuing system (QS) models. To analyze simulation results, students employ components such as ExperimentManager for automated factor analysis and TransprocessManager for studying transient processes. Special emphasis is placed on the object-oriented analysis of real-world systems, such as soil extraction logistics.
The study demonstrates that the open-source nature of the "Simulation" framework enables students to explore the internal implementation of complex software, design patterns, and pseudo-parallelism mechanisms. This approach ensures continuity in programming training and enhances the development of professional IT competencies. The project is hosted on GitLab.

Influence of technological parameters of the welding process on aerosol release

2026-04-20T13:38:01+03:00

The purpose of this article is to assess the influence of the parameters of the manual and mechanized arc welding process on their hygienic characteristics and to identify the main factors that affect the release of welding aerosols. It is shown that during manual welding with covered electrodes, the level of aerosol release depends on the welding modes: welding current, polarity and arc voltage. Regardless of the type of electrodes used, an increase in the welding current leads to an increase in the level of harmful emissions. In contrast to welding with covered electrodes, the dependence of the level of aerosol release indicators formed during mechanized welding in protective gases with a consumable electrode on the welding mode is more complex – first, the intensity of aerosol formation increases to a maximum, then decreases to a minimum and increases again. It is shown that the process of aerosol formation consists of two stages: evaporation of metal in the arc zone and removal of part of the vapor beyond the arc, where they condense into solid aerosol particles. The removal of vapor from the arc zone is prevented by the immersion of the arc into the weld pool. Increasing the arc power first contributes to increased evaporation, and then to deeper penetration of the base metal, which minimizes aerosol release. Based on studies of weld pool macrosections, it was found that the shape of the weld pool also influences the complex nature of such dependencies. For each diameter of the welding wire, there are certain values of the welding current at which the maximum amount of harmful substances is released, and a range of current values that ensures the minimum intensity of their release. When welding at optimal modes, the level of aerosol release decreases when using wires of smaller diameter. The obtained research results show how the correct choice of welding materials, shielding gas and welding modes makes it possible to reduce the levels of harmful substance release.

The concept of environmental-industrial safety: forming a unified approach

2026-04-20T13:45:40+03:00

The article provides a comprehensive study of the concept and structure of the environmental-industrial safety system as an integrated model for managing the impacts of industrial activities on the environment, workers’ health, and public well-being. It analyses the evolution of scientific approaches to understanding environmental-industrial safety, the connection of this concept with sustainable development, integrated environmental permits (IEP), and international HES (Health, Environment, Safety) systems. The necessity of a unified interdisciplinary approach to managing environmental and industrial risks is substantiated. Particular attention is paid to risk assessment methods within the HES framework, mathematical modeling and computer simulation of hazardous processes, and the development of a national risk management model that combines legal, technical, organizational, and digital mechanisms. Conceptual foundations for building Ukraine’s environmental-industrial safety system in the context of harmonization with European directives and ESG requirements are proposed.

Impact of global climate change on the carbon balance of mountain-forest soils in the Lankaran-Astara region

2026-04-20T02:12:01+03:00

The study is dedicated to investigating the impact of global climate change on the carbon balance of mountain-forest soils in the Lankaran-Astara region. This unique ecosystem, part of the Hyrcanian forests, is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The research was conducted in 2023-2025 on the southeastern slopes of the Talysh Mountains, at altitudes ranging from 200 to 1800 meters. Total carbon, organic carbon, CO₂ emissions, and physico-chemical parameters were determined in soil samples, and RCP scenarios were used for climate projections. The results show that over the past 50 years, the average annual temperature has increased by 1.2°C, and precipitation has decreased by 8-10%. According to projections, by 2100, the temperature may increase by 2.5-4.5°C, and precipitation may decrease by 15-20%. The total carbon stock of soils ranges from 120 to 380 tC/ha. The highest values are observed in mountain-forest brown soils (320-380 tC/ha) and on northern slopes. CO₂ emissions range from 0.8 to 3.2 g C/m²/day, with the maximum recorded in the summer months. A high positive correlation (r=+0.72) exists between CO₂ emissions and soil temperature. Under the influence of climate change, CO₂ emissions are projected to increase by 25-45%, and soil organic carbon stocks are projected to decrease by 15-30% by 2100. These changes may pose a threat to the ecosystem sustainability of the Hyrcanian forests. The obtained results can serve as a scientific basis for developing climate change adaptation measures and forest management.

Comprehensive assessment of technogenic load on the environment of Western Ukraine regions

2026-04-20T02:25:28+03:00

Today, all natural components of the environment are under technologic pressure. This impact has intensified significantly in the last few years due to the military conflict in Ukraine. When assessing the technogenic impact on the environment, methods are used to evaluate individual components of the environment or to conduct a comprehensive assessment. In scientific literature, the vast majority of works are devoted to assessing the impact on individual components of the environment.
The purpose of the study was to develop a method for comprehensive assessment of technogenic load on the environment and to test it on the example of regions of Western Ukraine. Based on preliminary assessments of technogenic load on individual components of the environment, a number of indicators for comprehensive assessment (8 parameters) were determined. Weight coefficients for each of the assessment indicators were determined. A calculation formula for determining the comprehensive indicator of technogenic load (CILT) and an assessment scale of load levels were proposed.
The methodology was tested for regions of Western Ukraine based on research data from 2009 to 2023. The determination of weight coefficients showed that the most significant among various types of impact are waste accumulation in regions, emissions of pollutants into the air basin, and volumes of discharges of substances with wastewater. It was found that for different regions of Western Ukraine, the overall level of pollution is significantly influenced by the indicators of emissions and discharges of pollutants, waste accumulation, and the presence of landfills and waste disposal sites. The maximum values of the CILT are observed in the Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions, with a significant impact also observed in the smallest Chernivtsi region. In the vast majority of regions, the level of technogenic load was characterized as insignificant, in the Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi regions – as average, and in the Lviv region – as elevated.
The proposed methodology can be recommended for implementation in the practical activities of state environmental protection agencies when analyzing the state of the environment in regions.

Photovoltaic panel waste: factors, risks and forecast of accumulation

2026-04-20T09:18:29+03:00

The article is devoted to the analysis of the processes and prospects of photovoltaic panel waste generation in the context of the intensive development of solar energy. The aim of the study is to assess and forecast the generation of photovoltaic panel waste as a component of waste electrical and electronic equipment, and to identify the main problems and risks associated with the accumulation of this waste in the environment. The research methods include the analysis and systematization of information on assessing factors and forecasting photovoltaic panel waste generation based on different models.
The study of the panel waste growth under various scenarios, including to the overall electronic waste flow, has shown that the volume and share of such waste are increasing rapidly. In 2014, the share of photovoltaic panel waste in the total amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment was 0.1%; in 2022 – 1%. However, by 2030, the annual volume of panel waste is projected to reach 2.4 million tonnes, and by 2050 – 6.5 million tonnes, which corresponds to 3% and 6% of the projected total amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment. The main reasons for panel waste generation are the approved average lifespan of 25 years, premature degradation of the encapsulant, extreme weather conditions, early modernization of operating panels, etc.
The structural features of panels that influence their resource potential and recycling complexity are considered. The main barriers to effective waste management are identified: underdeveloped recycling infrastructure, complex panel structure, low profitability of valuable component extraction, and others.
The theoretical significance of the presented study is in the systematization of information on photovoltaic panel waste generation, including projections up to 2050 based on various models. According to the obtained results, the volume of waste will grow rapidly, and under conditions of low recycling rates, this will lead to the accumulation of such waste in the environment and, consequently, to contamination with toxic components from the waste. The practical significance of the obtained results is in substantiating the need to develop sustainable models for the use of panels and waste management to prevent significant risks in the future.
The value of the study is in the comprehensive comparison of photovoltaic panel waste growth forecasts, including in relation to the dynamics of the overall flow of electronic waste. Further research may be aimed at improving recycling systems and developing effective policies for photovoltaic panel waste management.

Innovative MVP product of the E-waste platform on the Ukrainian market

2026-04-20T09:32:45+03:00

The article presents the development and key features of an innovative Minimum Viable Product (MVP) of the E-Waste digital platform designed to enable fast and efficient communication between waste generators and waste-management operators. The MVP requires the use of modern software-engineering approaches and geoinformation technologies to address environmental challenges at local and regional levels. The solution had no analogues on the Ukrainian market at the time of its creation and is aligned with EU waste legislation, the National Waste Management Strategy of Ukraine until 2030, and contemporary trends in digitalization and transparent decision-making for environmental safety.
The E-Waste platform aims to enhance efficiency in waste management, support monitoring of illegal dumping and uncontrolled disposal, and foster the transition towards a sustainable circular economy based on ESG principles. Integration with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) enables mapping of waste locations and licensed operators, while an analytical module supports governmental and municipal bodies in tracking waste flows. The platform’s architecture combines process automation, secure data exchange, and counterparty verification in a unified information environment.
The socio-economic impact includes stimulation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the environmental services sector, raising public awareness regarding proper waste management, and supporting Ukraine’s implementation of international environmental obligations and EU directives. The E-Waste platform is considered a promising tool that can underpin further improvement of waste-management infrastructure, regional scaling, and the integration of advanced technologies (such as blockchain) to ensure operational transparency.

Substitution of methods for management of polymer components of waste electrical and electronic equipment

2026-04-20T10:09:29+03:00

The analytical review is aimed at an expanded study of modern concepts and practical solutions for the management of polymer components of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), which form rapidly growing technogenic flows and are characterized by increased material and technological complexity. Polymer fractions in WEEE are characterized by low suitability for reuse due to their multicomponent composition, the presence of toxic functional additives, heterogeneous morphology and difficulties in separation from metal, ceramic and composite elements, which exacerbates the problem of transfer of persistent organic pollutants, halogen-containing compounds and thermal degradation products into the environment. Within the framework of the research analysis, infrastructure schemes for the collection and primary treatment of WEEE, including municipal logistics hubs, stationary and mobile collection points, deposit-return mechanisms and extended producer responsibility instruments, were considered, with an assessment of their effectiveness and key limitations. Considerable attention is paid to high-tech solutions, including optical identification systems, robotic dismantling modules, digital trajectory platforms for tracking material flows, intelligent container complexes and sensor Smart Bins. The engineering practices of leading world companies that implement closed polymer cycles, use automated reverse logistics chains and ensure a high level of selective extraction of material fractions are analyzed. The experience of European WEEE pre-processing centers that operate in accordance with EU regulatory standards and demonstrate effective models of selective preparation of polymers for further use is highlighted. Based on the generalized results, a set of scientifically based recommendations has been formed to improve the efficiency of WEEE polymer component management, which involves the integration of innovative technologies, regulatory practices and circular economy principles to minimize environmental risks and improve the resource cycle.

Significance of polyene antibiotics in increasing of membrane permeability and in treatment animal and plant infection

2026-04-20T12:06:43+03:00

It is shown that using polyene antibiotics (PA) in combination with dimethyl sulfoxide sharply increase ionic permeability membranes and biological activity of antibiotics. The comparative physical and chemical characteristics of dimethyl sulfoxide and PA is consideration. The effects of a complex interaction and PA examined by the bilayer lipid membranes (BLM). By the method of determine the parameters biological activity of PA it was show that off all the most studied PA promises more effective were amphotericin B and levorin. Results are started according to BLM conduction of cholesterol in the membranes. On the basis of PA developed an ecological model of environmental protection by establishing membrane–active concentration of PA against viral, fungal and bacterial infection for animals and plants. Using polyene antibiotics (PAs) in combination with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was shown to increase ion permeability of membranes and biological activity of antibiotics sharply. The comparative physical and chemical characteristics of dimethyl sulfoxide and PAs were determined. The effects of a complex relation between PAs and the bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) were studied. The parameters of biological activity of PAs and BLM were determined. It was shown that among all the studied PAs, amphotericin B and levorin were the most effective. Ion permeability of BLM was shown to depend on the concentrations of amphotericin B, levorin and cholesterol. On the basis of PAs, biological active preparations were developed against viral, bacterial and fungal diseases. It has been shown that the used preparation can completely prevent the growth of the Tobacco mosaic virus. It should be especially noted that after treatment with the “Infanvir” preparation the infected plants are not only cured but also regenerated in full. Moreover, the vegetable plants treated with such preparation had 2 times more harvest than the reference ones. It is supposed that the antivirus and antifungal effect of the “Infanvir” preparation is related to their interaction with lipid components of cytoplasmic membranes, causing destruction of the structure of pathogenic microorganism cells.

Challenges of green construction in Ukraine at the stages of regulatory implementation and practical realization

2026-04-20T12:58:58+03:00

The article examines the current state and prospects of green building development in Ukraine in the context of international experience and economic incentive mechanisms. The study highlights the growing importance of environmentally oriented construction as a response to the challenges of climate change, urban environmental degradation, increasing energy dependence and the need for sustainable urban transformation. Unlike EU countries, where LEED, BREEAM and national sustainability standards are supported by financial incentives such as tax benefits, subsidized loans, grant programmes and fast-track permitting procedures, Ukraine lacks a comprehensive system of state support. This absence makes green projects economically less attractive than traditional construction, extends payback periods and reduces investor interest.
The article presents a comparative analysis of incentive models implemented in Copenhagen, Berlin, Warsaw and London and includes an applied economic modelling case for a 10,000–25,000 m² development in Kyiv. The modelling results show that the implementation of grants, reduced-interest financing and tax reductions may shorten the investment payback period from 13 to 8–9 years and significantly increase project profitability. Based on international practices adapted to Ukrainian conditions, the paper proposes a set of economic and regulatory mechanisms, including tax reductions, concessional lending, land and planning incentives, and the introduction of a national certification standard and the “Green Fast Track” system. The study concludes that green construction should be regarded not as an additional financial burden, but as an economically justified tool for enhancing competitiveness, improving environmental performance and accelerating post-war recovery. A systemic state policy can enable Ukraine to increase the share of certified green projects to 10–15% within five years and integrate into the European sustainable development framework.

Masters in environmental science: educational training in Ukraine and Slovakia

2026-04-20T13:26:24+03:00

Purpose of the Study: To conduct a comparative analysis of master-level environmental education training between Ukraine and Slovakia, with a specific focus on the curricula of Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University and the University of Prešov.
Design / Method / Approach: the study is based on a comparative analysis of the master's programs in ecology at both universities. It employs a method of juxtaposing key educational program parameters, such as study duration, credit system, number of disciplines, teaching methods, and approaches to final knowledge assessment, alongside a detailed review of course specifics. The analysis also includes a comparison of general trends in higher education in Ukraine and Slovakia, including demographic changes and the impact of external factors.
Research Results: both universities share a fundamental understanding of ecological principles and environmental science. However, significant differences were identified: the University of Prešov offers more specialized courses (e.g., limnoecology, soil ecology, insect ecology, beekeeping) and emphasizes the acquisition of specific technical skills (GIS, analytical chemistry, statistics) and English language proficiency. Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, conversely, focuses more on applied ecology and environmental management, policy, and modeling. Differences are also observed in study duration (1 year 4 months at PMBSNU versus 2 years at the University of Prešov) and the number of educational credits.
Theoretical Significance of the Study: This research deepens the understanding of diverse approaches to environmentalist training at the master's level within a European context. It provides valuable theoretical foundations for future comparative studies of educational systems, demonstrating how various national and institutional priorities shape specialized educational programs.
Practical Significance of the Study: the research findings can be utilized by Ukrainian and Slovak universities to harmonize and enhance their master's programs in ecology, adapting them to labor market demands and international standards. The information is also beneficial for students considering international studies, as well as for educational policy makers aiming to optimize national higher education systems.
Originality / Value / Scientific Novelty of the Study: the originality of this research lies in conducting a unique comparative analysis of master's programs in ecology between specific universities in Ukraine and Slovakia, a topic rarely explored in scientific literature. Its value stems from shedding light on specific curricula, allowing for a detailed understanding of their strengths and potential gaps. The scientific novelty lies in presenting current data and conclusions regarding the adaptation of educational programs within the context of Ukraine's European integration and the impact of demographic changes.
Prospects for Further Research / Limitations of the Study: a limitation of this study is its focus on only two universities and a specific degree level (Master's), which prevents generalization of findings to all higher environmental education in Ukraine and Slovakia. Prospects for further research include expanding the analysis to a larger number of universities, other specializations, and comparing teaching quality and graduate employment rates. A more detailed examination of the impact of the current military situation on the educational process would also be pertinent.